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How cash balance plans work
A cash balance plan credits each participant with a pay credit and an interest credit each year, but legally it is a defined benefit plan. Contributions are based on actuarial calculations and the section 415(b) benefit limit, so older, high-income owners can contribute much more than in a 401(k). Combined with a 401(k) and profit-sharing plan, total deductible contributions can be very large.
The plan must cover eligible employees and pass nondiscrimination testing, contributions are required each year within a range, and an actuary certifies funding. Plans of professional service employers with 25 or fewer participants are generally exempt from PBGC coverage. The plan is a long-term commitment, best for businesses with steady profits.
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