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Tax strategy · Retirement plans

Cash balance plans: the largest tax deduction many owners are not using.

A cash balance plan is a defined benefit plan that lets owners make contributions far above 401(k) limits, often six figures a year for owners in their 40s, 50s and 60s, all deductible to the business.

Forms & standards
IRC § 401(a)IRC § 412 / § 430IRC § 415(b)IRC § 404ERISA § 4021(b)(13)Form 5500

Serving United States, Virginia, Washington, DC, Maryland.

What we handle

How cash balance plans work

A cash balance plan credits each participant with a pay credit and an interest credit each year, but legally it is a defined benefit plan. Contributions are based on actuarial calculations and the section 415(b) benefit limit, so older, high-income owners can contribute much more than in a 401(k). Combined with a 401(k) and profit-sharing plan, total deductible contributions can be very large.

The plan must cover eligible employees and pass nondiscrimination testing, contributions are required each year within a range, and an actuary certifies funding. Plans of professional service employers with 25 or fewer participants are generally exempt from PBGC coverage. The plan is a long-term commitment, best for businesses with steady profits.

Speak with an advisor
  • Feasibility analysisContribution estimates by age and income, and employee costs.
  • Plan designPairing with a 401(k) and profit sharing to pass testing.
  • Tax modelingFederal and state savings, QBI interaction and cash flow.
  • Administration coordinationWorking with actuaries and administrators on funding and Form 5500.
  • Annual funding decisionsChoosing the contribution within the required range each year.
  • Exit planningRollovers, plan termination and sale of the business.

Where we help

Rules that matter

Statute

IRC § 415(b)

Caps the annual benefit, which drives how much older owners can contribute.

Statute

IRC § 430

Minimum funding rules require annual contributions within an actuarial range.

Statute

IRC § 404

Contributions are deductible to the employer within limits.

ERISA

§ 4021(b)(13)

Small professional service plans are generally exempt from PBGC coverage.

Our approach

How the engagement runs.

Review

A senior advisor reviews your facts and documents.

Plan

Scope, fees and timeline in an engagement letter.

File

Returns, elections and forms prepared and reviewed.

Support

IRS contact and planning all year.

Questions

Frequently asked

If your question isn't here, call (703) 880-8412 and you'll reach a person.

Who benefits most from a cash balance plan?

Owners age 45 or older with consistent high income and few employees, such as physicians, dentists, attorneys, consultants and successful business owners.

How much can I contribute?

It depends on age, income and plan design. Owners in their 50s and 60s can often contribute well into six figures a year, on top of 401(k) contributions.

Do I have to include employees?

Yes, eligible employees must be covered, but design can keep their cost modest relative to the owner's benefit.

Can I stop contributing?

Contributions are required each year while the plan is active, but plans can be amended or terminated if business conditions change.

Latest updates

IRS & federal tax

All IRS & federal tax updates
Nov 5, 2026IRS & federal tax

IRS releases 2027 inflation adjustments (Rev. Proc. 2026-35)

For 2027 the joint-return standard deduction rises to $33,200, the estate tax basic exclusion to $15,480,000, the annual gift exclusion to $20,000 and the Section 179 expensing limit to $2,640,000. Our advisors recommend revisiting year-end gifting and equipment purchase plans with these figures in mind.

Source: IRS (IR-2026-133)

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